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Reference Lists

Page history last edited by heather-healy@... 3 years ago


 

Authors for All Reference Types

  • Invert all authors’ names. Use first and middle initials; space after periods.
  • List entries alphabetically by first author, using a hanging indent with a 1.27 cm indent for all lines following first line in each entry.
  • List names of all authors up to 20 authors. With multiple authors, separate names with commas (including with two authors); insert an ampersand (&) before the final name.
  • When there are multiple works by the same author, list references in order by date – the oldest reference will be the first listed, and the most recent work will be the last.

 

Journal Articles - Titles, Pagination, and Other Elements

  • Spell out journal titles in full. Capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word following a colon, and any proper nouns.
  • Journal article titles do NOT use italics or quotation marks in the Reference list.
  • Italicize the volume number in periodical references. Do NOT italicize the issue number or the parentheses surrounding the issue number.
  • Do NOT use pp. abbreviation with pagination for journal articles.
 

Books, etc. - Titles, Pagination, and Other Elements

  • Capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word following a colon, and any proper nouns.
  • Italicize titles of books, reports, dissertations, and conference papers in the list of References.
  • APA 7th ed. and EBLIP no longer include the publisher location in reference entries for books and similar reference types. 
  • For book chapters, use the word In to begin the citation information for title of book where chapter is contained.

e.g. Smith, A. B. (2005). How to catalog web sites: Electronic resources. In J. R. Thomas (Ed.), New tools for catalogers (pp. 104-124). Jones Publishing.

  • Use pp. abbreviation with book chapters or newspaper articles. Do NOT drop digits of inclusive page numbers in references.

e.g. pp. 187-189; pp. 266-268; (NOT pp. 187-9, pp. 266-8)

 

Accuracy of References

  • Verify accuracy of every reference cited. This can usually be completed while checking existing DOIs and URLs or checking for missing DOIs or URLs.

 

DOIs, URLs, and Retrieval Dates

  • Include a DOI when available. Use a URL only when DOI is not available.
  • Do not use a period following a DOI or URL.
  • Test all DOI and URL links in the list of references to ensure they work.  
  • APA 7th ed. and EBLIP prefer the version of displaying DOIs recognized by CrossRef.
    • Use the prefix "https://doi.org/" followed immediately by the number.

e.g. https://doi.org/10.1086/602620

    • Hyperlink DOIs throughout the document and reference list.
    • Avoid using only the DOI number or "doi:" followed by the DOI number. 
  • URLs should follow these guidelines:
    • URLs should lead directly to the source cited (rather than the homepage of a source).
    • Hyperlink URLs throughout the document and reference list.
    • Include retrieval dates with URLs only when a source is intended to change over time and no archived version exists (and so the link may not be stable over time). 

 

Creative Commons License 2021 Stephenson, Pretty, Hayman, and Healy. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed, the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this one.

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