A note on retrieval dates:

APA has removed the need to include retrieval dates for static publications, such as articles, books, and other materials that are unlikely to change over time. There is no longer a need to include a retrieval date for these items. However, APA still recommends a retrieval date for content that is likely to change over time, such as non-archived social media pages and similar items. 

Examples for List of References - USE HANGING INDENT IN ARTICLE REFERENCE LISTS - USE LIVE HYPERLINKS

Journal Articles

General format

Authorlast name, FirstInitial. SecondInitial. (year of publication). Article title with only first word (title and subtitle) and Proper Nouns capitalized. Journal Title with Significant Words Capitalized, volume #(issue #), first page#–last page#. DOI [OR] if no DOI then URL to article 

McKnight, M. (2006). Health sciences librarians’ reference services during a disaster: More than collection protection. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 25(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1300/J115v25n03_01

Gallant, J. (2015). Librarians transforming textbooks: The past, present, and future of the Affordable Learning Georgia Initiative. Georgia Library Quarterly, 52(2), 12–17. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/glq/vol52/iss2/8

Multiple authors

FirstAuthorLastName, FirstInitial. SecondInitial., SecondAuthorLastName, FirstInitial. SecondInitial., & FirstNameLastAuthor, FirstInitial. SecondInitial. (Date). Article title. Journal Title, volume #(issue #), first page#–last page#. DOI [OR] if no DOI then URL to article

Lafuente-Lafuente C., Mahé I., & Extramiana F. (2009). Management of atrial fibrillation. BMJ, 339(7705), b5216. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5216

Nielsen, J., & Jetton, L. L. (2014). Assessing the effectiveness of collaborative subject specific library instruction. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, 3(1), 343–350. http://qqml-journal.net/index.php/qqml/article/view/143

Special issue

Block, M., & Kim, A. (2006). All (librarian) hands on deck: Librarians lead the way on the long journey to recovery and rebuilding [Special issue]. LJ Movers and Shakers: Library Journal, 131, 22–31.

Supplement issue

If a journal uses Suppl, S, or similar to indicate an issue is a supplement, format the issue number exactly as it is given in the publication.

Brettle, A. (2003). Information skills training: A systematic review of the literature. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 20(Suppl. 1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2532.20.s1.3.x

Books

General format

AuthorLastName, FirstInitial. SecondInitial. (Year of publication). Book title: Capitalize first word of subtitle and Proper Nouns. Publisher.

Jackson, M. E. (1998). Measuring the performance of interlibrary loan operations in North American research and college libraries. Association of Research Libraries.

Multiple authors

Koyani, S. J., Bailey, R. W., & Nall, J. R. (2003). Research-based web design & usability guidelines. US Department of Health and Human Services.

Edited book

Walter, J. (Ed.). (2006). World disasters report: Focus on neglected crises. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

Multiple editions

Kahn, M. B. (2003). Disaster response and planning for libraries (2nd ed.). American Library Association.

Book chapter

Brice, A., Booth, A., Crumley, E., Koufogiannakis, D., & Eldredge, J. D. (2004). A future for evidence based information practice? In A. Booth & A. Brice (Eds.), Evidence based practice for information professionals: A handbook. (pp. 279–293). Facet. http://ebliptext.pbworks.com/f/Booth+%26+Brice+2004+EBP+for+Info+Professionals+-+A+Handbook.pdf 

Work from ERIC (informally published)  

Alexander, L. B. (1994). Libs 1000: A credit course in library skills at East Carolina University (ED376818). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED376818.pdf

Conference presentation

Conference presentations published as a journal article or a book should follow the citation formats for those source types. For unpublished or less formally published presentations, follow these guidelines: supply the dates of conference, indicate in brackets after the title the type of presentation, abbreviate the state or province, provide the country name, and include a URL if available.

Perryman, C., & Lu, D. (2006, May 19–24). Finding our foundation: Analysis of the Library and Information Science Abstracts database for research article retrievability [Paper presentation]. Medical Library Association Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, United States.

Brettle, A. (2007, May 6–11). Information skills training in health libraries: Are we any nearer the evidence? [Paper presentation]. EBLIP4: Evidence-Based Library & Information Practice 4th International Conference, Durham, NC, United States. 

Lecture or instruction notes and slides

Marshall, J. G., & Perryman, C. (2006, April). INLS 210-096: Evidence based information practice [Lecture notes]. School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Multiple works, same author 

Arrange in order by date of publication. Use letters (a, b, c, etc.) after years to identify individual publications by the same author in the same year. Arrange publications for the same year in alphabetical order by title of article or chapter.

Booth, A. (2000, October 15–18). Exceeding expectations: Achieving professional excellence by getting research into practice. Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Booth, A. (2004a). Formulating answerable questions. In A. Booth & A. Brice (Eds.), Evidence based practice for information professionals: A handbook (pp. 61–70). Facet. http://ebliptext.pbworks.com/f/Booth+%26+Brice+2004+EBP+for+Info+Professionals+-+A+Handbook.pdf

Booth A. (2004b). Rave reviews? Health Information and Libraries Journal, 21(2), 134–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2004.00485.x

Booth A. (2006a). Brimful of STARLITE: Toward standards for reporting literature searches. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94(4), 421–429, e205.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1629442/

Booth, A. (2006b). Counting what counts: Performance measurement and evidence based practice. Performance Measurement and Metrics 7(2), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/14678040610679452 

Booth A. (2006c). Route maps for evidence-based problem solutions (RESolutions): What's the evidence for journal cancellation? Health Information and Libraries Journal, 23(4), 298–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2006.00681.x

Websites and Webpages

EBLIP10. (2019, June 17–19). Accepted paper abstracts. 10th international evidence-based library & information practice conference. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. https://www.eblip10.org/Abstracts/tabid/8487/Default.aspx

Rose, C. (2020, January). Mun Libraries APA Style (7th ed.) quick guide. Memorial University Libraries. https://www.library.mun.ca/media/MUNLibrary/branches/grenfell/pdfs/APAStyleQuickGuide-2020.pdf

Health Act 2004. Irish Statute Book. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/pdf/2004/en.act.2004.0042.pdf

Perryman, C., & Rathbun-Grubb, S. (2014). The CAT: A generic critical appraisal tool. https://www.jotform.us/cp1757/TheCat

Online Datasets

United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies. (2015). Treatment episode data set -- discharges (TEDS-D) -- concatenated, 2006 to 2011 (Version 5) [Dataset]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30122.v5

Further examples

Further examples of APA format can be found the APA Publication Manual, 7th edition (pp. 312–352).

Footnotes/endnotes

Note that APA format discourages the use of footnotes and endnotes in nearly all cases. Wherever possible, if the note is essential to convey meaning meaning or provide clarity, it should be included in the main body of the text, not as a note.  

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